Textbook
A textbook is a special form of a non-fiction book which is used on account of his didactically processed teaching materials and teaching materials for the lessons. These kind of materials can be found mainly at https://cheap-papers.com/. Provided that textbooks contain cleared questions or several opinions with regard to a debatable question academically not yet finally, it is differentiated in some disciplines between the ruling doctrine or ruling apprenticeship and less opinions or other views (e.g., with the historian’s quarrel). If the textbook aims at the repetition of the teaching material, one speaks of a revision book. The textbooks at schools are called school books; briefly calm textbooks are also called compendium or demolition.
Table of contents [concealment]
1 Germany
2 USA
2.1 Market situation
2.2 Costs and copyright
2.3 High School
3 web links
Germany [treatment]
Suitable textbooks for lectures at colleges may fix the lecture leaders (university teacher and also assistants) within the scope of the freedom of instruction themselves.
University libraries can reproach with the textbooks for introductory lectures in special textbook collections.
The USA [treatment]
Market situation [treatment]
In American colleges the textbooks are selected as a rule by the teacher. In most K-12 schools – under it the elementary school and the High School – a local committee decides on the fact which teaching means packages from the choice approved by the state education authority are purchased. This is from topical importance because conservative Kreationisten try to keep away teaching means with reference to the theory of evolution from the public schools. There can also be hostility of liberal side – possibly if Afro-Americans or the Indians were neglected in the representation. In different federal states there are the public hearings in which the publishers must answer criticism from the local population.
The American textbook market fixates on few key states: Florida, Texas and California. They belong to 22 states of the USA which buy the teaching means centrally; however, because of her population wealth these three states cause more than one quarter of the whole American teaching means year turnover which amounts to about 3.6 milliards $. Publishers can step in all other 28 states with the school authorities directly for purchases in contact.
If a textbook of a publisher is approved by one of these three states and also is bought, then mean these automatically high editions and also high income; then the book is virtually valid as American standard-teaching means. This dynamism has led to the fact that the textbook market is fought in the USA hard and that under the textbooks a certain simplicity rules. There are four teaching means giants (Pearson, Vivendi Internationally, Reed Elsevier and McGraw-Hill); the development of a teaching means package – as for example “BASIC Readin
Educational Travel
Trip
The title of this article is ambiguous. This article treats the locomotion, to other meanings see trip (concept purification)
Bath trip
Travelling trip
Cultural trip
The concept Trip (v. in Old High German: risan = get up, rise) meant for the purposes of the traffic economy the locomotion of one or several people for a longer time on foot or with public or private means of transportation beyond the economic traffic to reach a destination or to get to know several places up to the ending of the trip at the source place (tour). In the tourism-economic sense the name Trip encloses the sum of both phases “Local change” and Stay. The used means of transportation forms, on this occasion, a totality: The travel chain (example: Coach – airplane – streetcar – taxi).
Table of contents [concealment]
1 kinds
1.1 Holiday trip
1.2 Business trip
1.3 Pilgrim’s trip
1.4 Mission trip
1.5 Expedition
1.6 Exploratory expedition
1.7 Time trip
1.8 Volunteer trip
2 motivations
3 duration
4 expiries
4.1 Reservation phase
4.2 Means of transportation
4.3 Lodging
5 The trip in literature and art
6 other
7 See also
8 literatures
9 web links
10 single proofs
Take [treatment]
After the purpose of the stay in the destination the in particular following basic types can be distinguished:
Holiday trip [treatment]
Holiday travelling serve primarily the rest and leisure activities. If travellers themselves plan them, these are an individual travelling – standardised offers of tour operators against it package tours. Last-named type is frequent, but not compelling a group tour.
According to inclination, interests and needs there is a variety of travel kinds. Primarily to recreational purposes serve possibly bath, Travelling and ski, but also health, wellness-aryan and culinary trips. More actively sport and adventure and for people with mainly cultural needs are the study trips or educational journeys; special stamping is possibly a linguistic travelling, towns travelling, concert travelling or opera travelling.
A special form of the holiday trip shows the world trip with which one walks round – roughly seen – once the globe. However, a holiday travelling are popular prices possibly with lotteries, are used also by employers as rewards for especially successful employees (sucked. Incentive travelling).
Business trip [treatment]
The business trip serves economic purposes. Beside visiting of customers, suppliers, business partners etc. possibly for the purpose of discussions, consultations and negotiations in particular the fair educational journeys and further educational journeys are to be called. They are carried out predominantly individually by individuals or smaller groups.
Pilgrim’s trip [treatment]
From religious motivation are undertaken pilgrim’s travelling. Often they serve visiting sanctified sites as for example Rome, Jerusalem, Lourdes or Mecca, but also from events as for example to the church congresses. Every now and then become pilgrim’s travelling as a religious duty V
Educational Games
Spectrum of the problems [treatment]
Game design encloses, covered to the whole process of the play development, all part duties, which for the creation of the play vision and the play world (together with which there to living characters and prevailing legitimacies) are necessary. Moreover telling and interactive elements are combined, according to play. Moreover, according to target group ethical and psychological aspects are considered and incorporated in the play planning. Here also the preparatory work in view of marketing aspects of the product (is the knowledge of the target group of central meaning) often count to the areas of responsibility of the Game designer.
The result (products) of the Game design in the narrower sense is a group of written Design-Documents or play draughts. On this occasion, often the theoretical play concept walks along with a complementary Prototyping, i.e. of the development (technically, playfully and multimedia “easy” – this should be at least the aim) the play version with the help of which already to begin with a basic impression can be won by the later Gameplay. With the help of the prototypes the play draught is checked before his completion and is refined. Thus lacks of clarity and gaps can be found in the play draught already to begin with and remove, before the cost-luxurious implementing of the play version certain for the sales begins by other specialists (programmer, graphic artist, musician).
In spite of the theoretical character of the draught work and the rather prototype broads function of a perhaps moved advance version Game design cannot completely occur regardless of the later technical platform sighted in the final version. In particular in view of Usability and Gameplay the questions which seem maybe very “technical” first and a little relevant for play can be serious in her effects very well. (One considers, e.g., the atmospheric or control-related effects if in a role play an interactive 2D-was used instead of a 3D-world, or the economic damage if turned out that the achievement of the calculator hardware or network infrastructure of the players cannot simply serve the playful needs.) In general can be said that Game designers can also serve other areas of the play development (often programming or kind) to understand the backgrounds and the interfaces and communication protocols. Only a draught can be thereby moved in the play branch becoming more and more luxuriously.
Study and education [treatment]
A big range is necessary for successful Game design more differently of creative and social competence and an at least basic understanding of the technical possibilities of the sighted play hardware is essential.
For some years there is also in German-speaking countries the possibility, Game design formally as S.
Sport
Under the concept Sport different movement forms, play forms and competition forms which stand mostly in connection with physical activities of the person are summarised. The word itself was borrowed in the 19th century by the English sport which again about the French on Latin disportare (scatter‘) decreases.
For the people who pursue sport in the most different sports also exists the name Sportsman.
As academic disciplines exist in particular science of sport and sports medicine.
Table of contents [concealment]
1 definitions
2 sports as a movement culture
3 passive sports consumptions
4 histories of the sport
5 literatures
6 See also
7 single proofs
8 web links
Definitions [treatment]
„Since beginning of the 20th century sport has developed to a colloquial, worldwide used concept. Therefore, an exact or even unequivocal conceptual demarcation does not order itself. What is understood generally by sport, are less dimension analyses scientific a question, but are determined far more by the everyday-theoretical use as well as by the historically grown and handed down integration in social, economic, political and juridical circumstances. In addition, changed, the actual events of the sports activity extend and differentiates even the concept understanding of sport.“
– P. Röthig (Ed.): Sports-scientific encyclopaedia. Hofmann, village Schorn 1992.
This quotation makes clear that are marked behind the concept Sport to recumbent meaning allocations quite substantially by the colloquial use and the context in which the concept Sport is used. [1] [2] for the German Olympic sports alliance (DOSB), for example, the motor activity is in the foreground. Hence, mental plays, the training of animals, as well as motor sport without inclusion of motor activities does not correspond to the sports understanding of the DOSB. The chess DOSB has still recognised [3] as a sport; the international Olympic committee (IOC) even chess and bridge.
Colloquially are associated with sport often competition and achievement what is manifested itself not only in concepts like mental exercise, commemorative sport or E sport, but also is reflected in the claim of different associations to be recognised by the IOC as a sport.
For the history of the sport is important that he was confronted originally as a play with the seriousness of an employment or a warlike discussion. Thus he had to escape from religious reservations as they existed compared with the game of chance, and dance and theatre could develop as first only in the court (hunt, tournament).
Sport as movement culture [treatment]
One makes a distinction in the essential popular sport and serious sport. Besides, there present itself the categories resulted in the younger past Extreme sport and Fun sport, which from traditional sports teilweis
Training
The concept Training or training stands in general for all processes which cause a changing development.
First one understood by it only the „training and training of the horses“. [1] late was applied the expression assumed to the English usage for practise, training, course, continuing education or advanced training also in general. (in English to train someone = somebody 2 educate, train [])
Table of contents [concealment]
1 effects
2 kinds
3 See also
4 web links
5 single proofs
Effects [treatment]
Training effects originate with the person from the processing of charms. These charms can arise from the person themselves, while, for example, processes at the cognitive level shows a charm for changes at the physical and emotional level. Also charms can come from the outside, while, for example, a (long-term) change of the air temperature requires the suitable adaptation of the whole organism. That is the fact that the so-called sporty training which influences the person at the physical, cognitive and emotional level can cause mannigfache training effects.
In training in general is the avoidance of unterdemand and excessive demand of big importance, because otherwise the effect of the training is not optimum.
Take [treatment]
Colloquially one already speaks with a unique carried out practise unity of training. In the scientific discourse it is distinguished between practise and training. Since a practise can cause a short-term adaptation. Systematic training is aimed at achieving very in the long term stable adaptation phenomena, i.e. training effects.
In the area of Sport – a systematically recurring physical training with the aim to improve the physical, cognitive and emotional constitution in the manner that a raised efficiency results in the respective sport see: Training (sport). The stays in which sportsmen intensely prepare for a forthcoming competition are called training camp. [3]
in the area of Psychotherapy – name for certain programmes of treatment, for example, autogenous training, progressive muscle relaxation, Psychoedukatives training among other things [4]
From the English usage assumed expression for practise, tests, training, course, continuing education or advanced training.
in the group dynamism the training group (TG, T-Group, group-dynamic training, small group training, big group training, self-awareness group, group-dynamic laboratory, Encounter group, group psychotherapy, Sensitivity training). See Also nationwide training Laboratory (NTL).
in the economy working training, team Training, Management training, Sales training, Communication training, Negotiations training, Conflict training.
Education
As a supplement to the education in full time the legislator with the amendment of the vocational training law (BBiG) from the 1st of April, 2005 has created the possibility to make an operational education also in partial time. Therefore exists with legitimate interest also the possibility to shorten the education by the reduction of the weekly hour number.
A legitimate interest is given if the trainee can make no education in full time either because of the care of own children or the care of close members. Also the personal, for example health restrictions which admit no activity of more than six hours per day show a legitimate interest.
Basically all occupations can be learnt in partial time which are regulated by the vocational training law (BBiG) and the craft order (HwO). Conditions are a suitable arrangement between education company and trainee as well as the approval of the responsible chamber.
The least hour number amounts 20 hours / weeks including the visit of the vocational school. With this variation the period of training is extended around either at least six months or at most twelve months. If a training period of 25 or more hours per week is agreed, the education can be finished in the regular duration. These 25 hours per week were fixed by the DIHK (German industrial day and chamber of commerce day) and by the ZDH (central association of the German craft) as an achievement of 75 percent of the full weekly training period.
It is also possible furthermore to finish an education in partial time if this education was interrupted after a pregnancy because of maternity protection and if necessary parental time. Here it is advisable to speak on time with the employer and to meet a part-time arrangement in vote with the responsible chamber. This should be held on in writing and belongs as an alteration of contract to the original education contract there.
See also [treatment]
Education and Training
As opposed to the more comprehensive concept of the education the professional training pursues practical intentions. Their educational objective lies less in the general and personal development, but rather in the standardised mediation of applicable skills which serves mostly the commercial professionalism.
With the binary professional training in particular education companies and vocational schools (vocational schools fulfil; occupational lectures) these duties after the default of the vocational training law (BBiG). As a basis for a regular and uniform professional training the Federal Ministry for Economy and work or the usually responsible professional ministry remits education orders. For an approved qualified job may be trained only after the education order. Youngsters may not be trained in others than approved qualified jobs less than 18 years. The vocational training law puts as a condition for an education in an approved occupation no default for finished Schulausbildungen or other advanced trainings.
The application for a traineeship encloses an interview and mostly also a suitability test. For both the applicant should prepare to be able to put outside possibly his strengths. To the preparation also belongs absolutely that about day events information can be provided. Partially are also used so-called Assessment centre for the applicant’s choice.
The period of training varies according to qualified job between two and 3,5 years. The regular period of training is fixed, for example, for the education in the industrial mechanic or Mechatroniker in the valid education order by the legislator, a shortening can be usually applied with good achievements and be granted.
There is another possibility of the professional training at state vocational schools or lecture schools who occurs full-time-scholastically. The trainees make as a rule, however trained training periods (training period) or recognition training periods (educator) of different length (according to occupation and federal state) in very different institutions or companies, according to occupation. Examples of such Ausbildungen: electrotechnical assistant, educator et cetera.
Often there is the possibility, these professional trainings with the report of the professional waiter’s school maturity (FOR; to couple middle maturity), advanced technical college maturity, the specialised engaged university maturity or general university maturity (Abitur). The possibilities of the double qualification are perceived above all in business, media-technical and socio-paedagogical oriented education ways.
Games
The computer games developed in approximately 50 years of rather technical attempts at universities to one of the most high-powered leisure forms of the 21st century.
Already on the first computers there were attempts known plays to move as for example the draughts. Nevertheless, as the first computer game which offered new possibilities beyond well-known plays contrived tennis for Two is often looked in 1958 by the American William Higinbotham. The development was strong depending on the technical progress of the computer technology. If the development happened in the beginning only “alongside” on mainframes actually intended for other purposes at universities, it became possible in the 1970s by the combination of the easy logic chips relatively reasonable in the meantime with the existing television technology to play also plays on electronic slot machine in public. It was very successful, for example, Pong of Nolan Bushnell. Enterprises like Atari or Magnavox brought home the computer game in the form of video game consoles also to the home users. There developed a rapidly growing mass market.
By the introduction of the home computers and personal computer (PCs) in the 1980s two technically kinds separate of each other of the computer game developed for the time being: the video game (at that time also tele-play) based on special play consoles and the computer game for the home computer and later increasingly for the PC. In 1983 it came to a crash at the video game market above all by a flood of the market with bad video games and the technical superiority of the home computers compared with the play consoles at that time. In Japan where the home computers were not so successful yet, Nintendo rang in in 1983 a new era of the video games which also reached North America and Europe about two years later.
Since middle of the 1990s both areas are brought together for play consoles and PCs for marketing reasons again increasingly. Thus uniform memory media form (how the CD-ROM or DVD) and a compatible hardware the possibility to develop plays for different consoles as well as for PCs in parallel and therefore cheaper and for a broader mass market.
Nowadays computer games are a widespread and important form of the entertainment. In many countries own industry has formed for the development of the computer games whose turnovers partially they of the respective film industry exceed.
Bihavioral Finance
Who has not booked already once a security in his persöhnlichen “strategical” continuance or in other words: Who does not know the problem of a share in the deficit which one does not want to sell, but furthermore holds. Behavioral Finance make clear with her book the authors to the investor that the emotional decisions play a lot of more important role than one would like to accept or is ready to admit.
In the first chapter the rationality of the decisions is looked: How high is the personal border use of a profit how the risk joy of the investor is to be valued and, finally: How one values the base of information. The contact with the huge number of information which has an effect on an investor is a base of the analyses in the following chapter. Very nicely with the help of a huge number of examples demonstrated, learns the reader of informative about spiritual accounts, selective perception, bases which serve for the reaching the verdict and the misjudgement of likelyhood. Afterwards the assessment of profits and losses is looked.
The different assessment of profits and accumulated losses is interesting here. The investor puts on here because different Maßtäbe. The attempt the “satisfaction” of the investor with the monetary profit gleichzusetzten, is not allowed according to Joachim Goldberg and Rüdiger von Nitsch. Thus the investor mentioned on top is probably more contented if his initial losing deal can escape after a certain (longer) waiting period still in the profit zone.
In the following it is tried to find again the theoretically developed investor’s types in practice. Not only the signs of the “intuitive”, “emotional” and “rational” market participants, but also the different “rationality traps” are explained. In the final chapter the authors move the knowledge in concrete tips for every investor. To whom the preceding chapters in spite of many clear examples were too abstract, covers expenses here now completely.
Raptor Book
The novel is set in the years between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD) and the advent of the kingdom of the Goths in Italy, until the death of Theodoric the Great (526 AD), very dark and chaotic years for Europe, characterized by political and religious situation is particularly confused. Done in diary form, then written in first person, tells the story of Thorn, a character from the ambiguous sexual identity been clarified in the first few pages,